1. P. H. Gulliver, "Family and Property in Jieland," in The Family Herds: A Study of Two Pastoral Tribes in East Africa, the Jie and Turkana (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD, 1955), pp. 76-91, 108-123.
   
2. 《後漢書》，〈西羌傳〉第七十七。