清高宗《御撰資治通鑑綱目三編》的編纂與重修
何冠彪
儘管高宗當時對此書甚表滿意，張廷玉更推崇它為有史以來御製史學的極致，但到了乾隆四十年五月，高宗下諭改纂此書，務求官方對明代歷史的觀點和表達方式，與新修的《御批歷代通鑑輯覽》及《遼金元三史國語解》畫一。可是，由於當時清朝官方編纂的書籍甚多，高宗對此書的改纂，起初不大關心，及至乾隆四十二年三月以後，改纂的工作才納入正軌。此書在乾隆四十七年初改纂完竣，共四十卷，高宗下令將改纂本交武英殿刊刻及繕寫入《四庫全書》中。然而，改纂本在數年後才刊出，至《四庫全書》所載改纂本的書名，則改為《御定資治通鑑綱目三編》。
關鍵詞：清高宗（愛新覺羅•弘曆） 《明紀綱目》 《明史綱目》 《御撰資治通鑑綱目三編》
Koon-piu Ho
Department of Chinese, University of Hong Kong
Shortly after the compilation of the Ming-shih was completed in August 1739, Emperor Ch’ien-lung decreed an edict to compile a “mirror of history” for the Ming Dynasty. The “mirror of history” to be written in the kang-mu style, was compiled with a view to complementing the Ming-shih which was presented in the chi-ch’uan style. The Emperor took an active role in the compilation and with much enthusiasm. Not only did he engage in setting out the outline and scope of the contents, he also required his court historians to show him drafts once every two or three chuan were finished for his comments and amendments. This practice allowed him to closely monitor the progress of the compilation and ensure that the contents of the work were presented to his satisfaction. During the compilation, the various drafts bore different titles. The final product entitled Yu-chuan Tzu-chih t’ung-chien kang-mu san-pien (hereafter San-pien) was a work of twenty chuan and was printed in 1746.
The Emperor was at first very satisfied with the San-pien. His court historian Chang Ting-yu even called it the best imperial historical writing produced in China. However, some thirty years later in June 1775, the Emperor ordered that the San-pien be revised. The main objective of this revision exercise was to unify the views and interpretations of the Ming history, and to unify the terminological differences of the San-pien with those other new historical works published under his auspice. Since there were too many official compilation projects launched at the same time, the Emperor did not pay as much attention to the revision of the San-pien. Only after May 1777 was the progress of the revision on track. The revision was finished in early 1782. The San-pien then became a work of forty chuan under the same title, but it took a few years before it was finally published. When the revised version of the San-pien was included in the Ssu-k’u ch’uan-shu, the title was amended to Yu-ting Tzu-chih t’ung-chien kang-mu san-pien.
Keywords: Emperor Ch’ien-lung, Ming-chi kang-mu, Ming-shih kang-mu, Yu-chuan Tzu-chih t’ung-chien kang-mu san-pien