郝氏《爾雅義疏》商兌
陳鴻森
清代《爾雅》學者數十百家，就中以邵晉涵《正義》、郝懿行《義疏》二書為尤著。歷來論者率以郝氏之書遠過邵氏《正義》，《清史稿》、《清史列傳》〈儒林傳〉亦言郝氏「所造較晉涵為深」。雖梁任公《中國近三百年學術史》、黃侃〈爾雅略說〉獨持異論。惟二氏僅為泛論，故述《爾雅》之學者尚多沿仍舊說。
郝氏頗以音聲之學自詡，蕭璋氏撰〈王石臞刪訂《爾雅義疏》聲韻謬誤述補〉一文，具體論述郝氏於音聲假借之說，所造蓋淺。蕭文指證歷歷，其說已成定論。本文作者亦以史傳謂郝視邵書為愈之說，尚非公論，並引王念孫之言：郝書「用邵說者十之五六，皆不載其名，而駁邵說者獨載其名，殆於不可，況所駁又不確乎。」此通人之說也，較論二家高下，正當由此衡之。
本文之主旨，期於音聲之外，由另一側面檢視郝書之得失，以為學者討論邵、郝二家短長時參證之資焉。
關鍵詞：《爾雅》 郝懿行 《爾雅義疏》
Hung-sen Chen
Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica
Among the works of nearly one hundred Ch’ing scholars who studied Er-ya, Shao Jin-han’s Er-ya Zheng-yi and Hao Yi-xing’s Er-ya Yi-shu are most famous, and the latter has been generally considered superior but the evaluation may not be completely accurate.
Hao Yi-xing himself claims that his work is better than Shao’s in the discussion of phonology and phonetic cloning and in the study of the plants, insects and animals. This claim is at least partly deflated by Xiao Zhang, a scholar from Mainland China, who points out many errors Hao Yi-xing made in his discussion of phonology and phonetic cloning. Whether Hao Yi-xing’s study of the plants, etc. can withstand the scrutiny of modern experts remains to be seen.
This article is an exegetical examination of Er-ya Yi-shu, particularly Hao Yi-xing’s effort proof-reading the text of Er-ya and Guo Pu’s commentaries. The examination has uncovered several Hao Yi-xing’s mistakes. It should be useful to students of Er-ya and ancient texts in general.
Keywords: Er-ya, Hao Yi-xing, Er-ya Yi-shu